Editorial
Good morning to all of you, my dear Eucalyptus friends,
Dear
friends, here we are again, now with the issue
number 25 of our Eucalyptus
Newsletter. We are having some momentary
changes in the order of launching the Eucalyptus Newsletters and the
chapters of the Eucalyptus Online Book due to internal adjustments
motivated by sequencing of topics. We appreciate your understanding.
In a couple of editions more, we will be returning with more chapters
of our virtual book about the Eucalyptus. In the meantime, please enjoy
the topics we are delivering through the Eucalyptus Newsletter, thanks.
This
is definitely a very special edition, prepared with great respect,
admiration and enormous friendship. This is because it has the mission
to share with you at least a fraction of the dedicated and productive
academic career of our great and talented friend Professor
Dr. Jose Livio Gomide, honored in this issue as a great "Friend of the
Eucalyptus". Those who may wish to devote some time to browse
through our indications of Dr. Gomide's scientific papers are to
have the chance to access one of the most qualified databases about
the quality of the Eucalyptus woods and the relationship to pulp
and paper products and processes. Enjoy to learn from this great
Brazilian academic teacher and master researcher.
In this issue, we are also creating what we might call "Eucalyptus
Newsletter Archives", consisting in a retrospective of most of
our writing efforts released through this digital technical information
service, since its origin in 2005 until December 2009. Remember that
our target is to be one of the best and most comprehensive global sources
of high-quality information about the Eucalyptus. We hope you may like
to get back to what has been already brought in all past issues.
Our technical mini-article complements
this issue with something coming from the forest-side and very much
sought by
our readers, always demanding for a simple and effective way to add
value to Eucalyptus woods. We are offering to you some important concepts
about "Pruning the Eucalyptus Trees".
In
case you are not registered yet to receive free-of-charge the Eucalyptus
Newsletter and the chapters of the Eucalyptus
Online Book, I suggest you to do it through the following
link: Click
here for registration.
We
have several non-financial supporting partners to the Eucalyptus
Online Book & Newsletter: TAPPI, IPEF, SIF, CeluloseOnline,
CETCEP/SENAI, RIADICYP, TECNICELPA, ATCP Chile, Appita, CENPAPEL,
TAPPSA, SBS, ANAVE, AGEFLOR, EMBRAPA FLORESTAS, GIT - Eucalyptologics,
Forestal Web, Painel Florestal, INTA Concordia - Novedades Forestales
and Papermakers' Wiki. They are helping to disseminate our efforts
in favor of the Eucalyptus in countries such as: Brazil, USA, Canada,
Chile, Portugal, Spain, Colombia, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand,
Uruguay, Finland and South Africa. However, thanks to the world wide
web, in reality, they are helping to promote our project to the entire
world. Thanks very much to our partners for believing in what we
are doing in favor of the Eucalyptus. Know
more about all of our today’s
partners and meet them at the URL address:
http://www.eucalyptus.com.br/partners.html
Thanks
for all incentives and support to our work, in special to readers,
ABTCP, sponsors, and partners. We have already exceeded our target
of registered readers, when about 12,000 people are getting monthly
these online publications about the Eucalyptus. From this
edition onwards, our digital newsletters will also be directed to
ABTCP e-mailing
list, thanks to our partnership with this technical association.
This will enable another 20,000 new readers to receive our infomative
material. Don't forget that we also have thousands of accesses through
the websites www.abtcp.org.br; www.eucalyptus.com.br and www.celso-foelkel.com.br,
or even because the fact that the web searching tools very often
find our websites when someone is searching for Eucalyptus. I beg
your help to publicize and to inform about our project to your friends,
in case you feel these publications may be helpful to them.
Please, accept my personal thanks, and also the gratitude from Celsius
Degree,
ABTCP, Botnia, International Paper do
Brasil, KSH-CRA Engenharia, Suzano, Fibria and from
the supporting partners.
Our best wishes and a hug to all of you, and please enjoy your reading.
We all hope you may like what we have prepared to you this time.
Celso Foelkel
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br
http://www.eucalyptus.com.br
http://www.abtcp.org.br
In
this Edition
Eucalyptus
Newsletter Archives - A 2005/2009 Retrospective
The
Friends of the Eucalyptus - Professor Dr. Jose Livio Gomide
Online
Technical References - A Selection of some Master of Science
and Ph.D. Theses from UFV - Federal University
of Vicosa under Dr. Jose Livio Gomide Guidance and Advising
Technical
Mini-Article by Celso Foelkel
Pruning
Eucalyptus Trees
Eucalyptus
Newsletter Archives
A 2005/2009 Retrospective
In this section, we are bringing to you a consolidation
of most of our effort and writing creation in the period 2005 to 2009,
offering the opportunity to remind you about our most important sections
made available in the 24 editions of our Eucalyptus Newsletters, published
since its origin till December 2009. We intend to make this kind of
retrospective at the end of each calendar year, always updating this
long list file for you.
Each
one of our editions is organized into sections, some of which are
covered at all issues. Various others come in the format of texts,
tutorials, reviews or compilations, etc. The sections "References
about Events and Courses" and "Euca-Links" occur
on almost all issues. In these, we try to present interesting websites
to be navigated and browsed, always containing good quality literature,
lectures, teaching materials from courses, books, events, photos,
charts, figures, tables, etc. Certainly, they are always related
to the Eucalyptus. Other sections are less frequent, such
as the "Online
Digital Magazines" and "A
Talk with Alberto Mori about the Papers Manufactured with Eucalyptus Fibers".
Moreover, we have a section called "Online
Technical References" whose
contents vary in each edition, but with the goal to bring good literature
about the Eucalyptus for our readers.
Two
sections of amazing success among our readers and for which we place
a lot of attention
and efforts are: "The World
of the Eucalyptus" and "The
Friends of the Eucalyptus". They focus mainly on regions and people
who are world leaders in terms of Eucalyptus. Many researchers have
been so far honored and their scientific and technical production shared
with our readers. Similarly, several countries and Brazilian states
have deserved wide coverage in relation to what they are developing
in forestry and forest-based industry.
In
2009, we have introduced two new sections: "Eco-efficiency
and Sustainability Corner" and "A
Meeting with the Forest Sector Innovation". Through them, we seek to bring the state-of-the-art
to the forest-based segment, both environmentally and technologically
speaking.
The Ester
Foelkel's mini-articles on "Curiosities
and Oddities about the Eucalyptus" cover an interesting variety
of titles and situations, seeking to elucidate and to clarify the general
public about the many uses of Eucalyptus for the benefit of the world
Society. On the other hand, our section "Technical
Mini-Article by Celso Foelkel" has had the mission to increase the knowledge
and to clarify readers about conceptual or technical issues that for
some reasons have different levels of understanding by people in our
Society, and therefore, ultimately result in conflicting and misunderstanding
situations. Finally, randomly and often by suggestions from readers,
we have several special sections, such compilations, reviews or text
tutorials, dealing with topics of great interest about the Eucalyptus.
Finally,
our Eucalyptus Newsletter is also oriented to offer, free-of-charge
and to all interested people, the "Eucalyptus
Online Book" chapters, launched as a digital book about the many
aspects of the Eucalyptus, by Celso Foelkel.
We invite you all to visit
our 2005/2009 archives and to access our technical production, according
to the interest of each one. Please,
use the following links:
Section
- "The World of the Eucalyptus"
• The Eucalyptus in Portugal
• State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
• South Africa
• Uruguay
•
Mato
Grosso & Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil
• State of Sao Paulo - Brazil
Section
- "The Friends of the Eucalyptus"
• Dr.
Herbert Sixta
• Forest engineer Teotonio Francisco de Assis
• Dr. Robert Paul Kibblewhite
• Dr. Laercio Couto
• Dra. Maria Cristina Area
• Dr. Luiz Ernesto George Barrichelo
• Dr. Jose Luiz Stape
• Mr. Gustavo Iglesias Trabado
• Professor Jose Paz Pena
• Professor Roberto Melo Sanhueza
• Professor Paulo Renato Schneider
• Professor Miguel Angel Mario Zanuttini
• Dr. Dario
Grattapaglia (just in Portuguese till now)
• Dr. Alberto Daniel Venica
Section "Online Technical References" - Just the editions
associated to some specific issue
• Technical References about South Africa
• Technical References about Uruguay
• Ph.D. Theses, Master Dissertations and Monographs from Chilean Universities
• Technical
References about Mato Grosso & Mato Grosso do Sul
•
"O Papel" Magazine Cover Stories (Just in Portuguese till now)
• Historical Books about the Eucalyptus written by Edmundo Navarro de
Andrade, Armando Navarro Sampaio and Octavio Vecchi
• Some More Historical and Classic Books about the Eucalyptus
Section "Euca-Links" - Just the editions associated to some
specific issue
• Euca-Links about South Africa
• Euca-Links about Uruguay
• Euca-Links about the State of Sao Paulo
Section "References about Events and Courses" - Just the
editions associated to some specific issue
• Events
and Courses in South Africa
• Events
and Courses in Uruguay
•
Events
and Courses in Mato Grosso & Mato Grosso do Sul
Section "Online
Digital Magazines" - Just
the editions associated to some specific issue
• Digital Magazines in South Africa
• Digital Magazines in Uruguay
• Digital Magazines in the State of Sao Paulo - Brazil
Section "A Meeting with the Forest Sector Innovation" - Just
the editions associated to some specific issue
• ABTCP
Articles (Just in Portuguese till now)
• Technological Roadmaps
Section "Eco-Efficiency
and Sustainability Corner" -
Just the editions associated to some specific issue
• ABTCP
Articles (Just in Portuguese till now)
• Eco-Labelling and Forest Certification
Section "A Talk with Alberto Mori about the Papers Manufactured
with Eucalyptus"
• A Talk with Alberto Mori about the Papers Manufactured with Eucalyptus Fibers
• Decor Papers
Texts, Tutorials and Relevant Selected Topics about the Eucalyptus
• Australia Plants - The genera Eucalyptus,
Corymbia and Angophora
• Forest Certification
• Environmental Impact Assessment Studies of the New Market Pulp Mills
(Botnia and ENCE) in Uruguay
• Eucalyptus in Asia
• Eucalyptus Diseases
• The Graduate Course in Pulp and Paper Technology at the Federal Universiy
of Vicosa
• The Graduate Course in Forest Engineering - Forest Products Technology
- UFSM Federal University of Santa Maria
• Wood Anatomy - A Tutorial - A Photo Gallery on Images and Wood Anatomy
Sceneries
• Wood Anatomy: A Complement to our Previous Tutorial
• Insect Pests and Diseases of the Eucalyptus
• Eucalyptus Essential Oils
• Honey Production from Eucalyptus
• Genomics in Eucalyptus
• Environmental Impact Assessment Studies for Modern Pulp Fiberlines
• Environmental Legislation for Modern Pulp Fiberlines: a Study Made
Available by the Tasmania Government
• Bleaching of the Eucalyptus Kraft Pulps
• Best Available Techniques to the Manufacture of Eucalyptus Pulp (a
continuation on this topic)
• Costs and Profits in the Eucalyptus Wood Production by Coppice /
Clear Cutting Forest Management
• Eucalyptus Photo Gallery
• A Field Guide to the Eucalyptus and Plantation Forest Trees
• Planting and Growing Eucalyptus Plantation Forests
• Albany resources (Western Australia) pay off for forward thinking
• Eucalyptus:
Doubts, Creeds, Myths, Facts e Realities. Part 01: The opinion of the "contrary
interested parties"
•
Eucalyptus: Doubts,
Creeds, Myths, Facts e Realities. Part 02: The opinion of the "favorable
interested parties"
• RISI Top 50 Power List
• Eucalyptus Global Map 2008
• Eucalyptus World Map
• Tributes to the Eucalyptus: in the Music and in the Literature
• Weed Competition and Control in Eucalyptus Forest Plantations
•
Five
Years of The Section "Ask the Euca Expert" (Just in
Portuguese till now)
• Eucalyptus Wooden
Poles (Just in Portuguese till now)
• FEENA - "Edmundo Navarro de Andrade" Sao
Paulo State Forest
• Eucalyptus Museum
• Prices of Forest Products
• Costs of Forest Operations with Eucalyptus
Section - "Curiosities and Oddities about the Eucalyptus" by
Ester Foelkel
• The Eucalyptus and its Artcraft
• The Eucalyptus Inspiring Arts
• The Eucalyptus used in Landscape Designing and Gardening
• The Eucalyptus being used to the Production of Bonsais
• The Eucalyptus used for the Production of Insect Repellents
• The Eucalyptus used for the Production of Honey - A top quality apiculture
•
The Eucalyptus used
for the Production of Soaps & Detergents
• The Production of Shiitake Mushroom based on Eucalyptus Logs
• The Association of the Eucalyptus to Human Allergies
• The Disinfectant and Antiseptic Properties of the Eucalyptus
• The Eucalyptus and
the Production of Tannins (Just in Portuguese
till now)
• Railway Sleepers made from Eucalyptus Woods
• Eucalyptus Wood Flooring
Eucalyptus Online Book Chapters by Celso Foelkel
• Bark
of the Eucalyptus Trees: Morphological, Physiological, Forestry,
Ecological and Industrial Aspects Oriented to the Pulp and Paper
Production (Just in Portuguese till now)
• Minerals
and Nutrients on Eucalyptus Trees: Environmental, Physiological,
Silvicultural and Industrial Aspects
about the Inorganic
Elements Present on Trees (Just in Portuguese till now)
• The Eucalyptus Fibers and the Kraft Pulp Quality Requirements for Paper
Manufacturing
• Vessel Elements and Eucalyptus Pulps
• Industrial Solid Wastes from Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Production. Part
01: Fibrous Organic Residues
• Eco-Efficiency in Managing the Pulp Fiber Losses and the Broke Generated
in Paper Manufacturing
• Eco-efficient Management of Woody Forest Residues from the Eucalyptus Plantation Forestry
• The Eucalyptus and the Leguminosae. Part 01: Acacia mearnsii
• Eco-efficiency and Cleaner Production for the Eucalyptus Pulp and Paper
Industry
• Opportunities
for Eco-Effectiveness, Eco-Efficiency and Cleaner Production in Manufacturing Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp (Just in Portuguese till now)
• The Production of Eucalyptus Plantation Forests from the Perspective
of Eco-Effectiveness, Eco-Efficiency, and Cleaner Production
• One
Thousand and One Ways to Make your Pulp and/or Paper Mill and your Planted Forest
more Eco-Effective and Eco-Efficient (Just in Portuguese
till now)
• Industrial Solid Wastes from Eucalyptus Kraft
Pulp Production. Part 02: Success Factors for Management (Just in Portuguese till now)
• Papermaking Properties of Eucalyptus Trees, Woods, and Pulp Fibers
• The Process of Eucalyptus Wood
Chips Inpregnation by the Kraft Pulping Liquor (Just in Portuguese till now)
• Individualizing Eucalyptus Woody
Fibers for the Production of Kraft Pulp (Just in Portuguese till now)
• Differentiating Eucalyptus Market
Pulps and Papers through Pulp Fines Management (Just in Portuguese till now)
Technical Mini-Articles by Celso Foelkel
• Flash Drying as a Process to Differentiate
Market Pulps
• Eucalyptus: the Tallest and most Productive Trees on Earth...
• Washing and Cleaning Eucalyptus Pulps
• ECF and TCF Bleaching Sequences for Eucalyptus Kraft Pulps
• The Eucalyptus in Brazil
• The Eucalyptus in Brazil - Second part
• Modern Bleached Kraft Eucalyptus Pulp Fiberlines
• Best Available Technologies and Best Environmental Practices to the
Production of Eucalyptus Bleached Kraft Pulps
• The Eucalyptus Bleached Kraft Pulp Manufacturing and the Water Consumption
• Closing Water Cycle for Further Reductions on Water Consumption in
the Manufacture of Eucalyptus Bleached Kraft Pulp
• Eucalyptus Planted Forests and Water Consumption
• Eucalyptus Planted Forests and the Biodiversity
• The Eucalyptus and the Eco-labels
• The Eucalyptus and the Soil Conservation
• The Eucalyptus Plantation Forests and the Environment
• The Eucalyptus Planted Forests and the Sustainability
• Communicating to Society the Realities of the Forest-Based Sector
• Treating the Wastewaters Generated in the Eucalyptus Bleached Kraft
Pulp Mills
• Managing Eucalyptus Plantation Forests for Enhanced Sustainability
• The Eucalyptus Planted Forests, Land Use and the Production of Food
in Brazil
• The Eucalyptus Plantation Forests and the Use of Pesticides
• The Eucalyptus Plantation Forests and the Use of Fertilizers (Just
in Portuguese till now)
• About Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, Armando Navarro Sampaio and Octavio
Vecchi
• Eucalyptus Plantations and Genetically Modified Trees
The
Friends of the Eucalyptus
Professor
Dr. Jose Livio Gomide
In this edition of the Eucalyptus Newsletter, I have great
pleasure and honor to introduce to you another fantastic friend of
mine and of the Eucalyptus, our dear professor Dr.
Jose Livio Gomide, , one of the greatest icons
of the Brazilian academic sector in the pulp and paper science
and technology fields . His works and technological concepts
go far beyond the borders of Brazil. Today, Dr. Gomide is considered
one of the researchers who has contributed most to the success
of the pulp and paper manufacturing using Eucalyptus woods. The
knowledge he added, in special to the wood quality and pulping
fundamentals, both in the form of research and publications,
as well as the education of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate
students, place him as not only a great "Friend
of the Eucalyptus", but as a key
person in the growth of this important sector of the Brazilian
economy. Congratulations for your successful and productive career,
Professor Jose Livio; we all understand that we are to be forever
grateful and admirers of your enormous contribution (which will
still continue for years, for our luck) to our country and to
the pulp and paper sector.
Jose Livio Gomide was
born in the city of Vicosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in May 1942.
His vocation for agricultural and forestry issues was awakened early
on his life, during his primary and secondary studies in Vicosa. There,
he had available and the challenge to study in the excellent UREMG
- Rural University of Minas Gerais, the current Federal University
of Vicosa, which began at the time to offer a career on forestry sciences
and engineering (http://saef2009ufv.blogspot.com/2009/02/universidade-federal-de-vicosa_04.html; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_Federal_de_Vi%C3%A7osa).
His choice and decision to study forestry (http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenharia_Florestal)
in Vicosa eventually led Jose Livio to several unusual and unexpected
situations in life. The first was the transfer of the forestry course
to the city of Curitiba, Parana, late 1963, to where Jose Livio was
obliged to move and live until his graduation in 1965. That career
was completely new and embryonic in Brazil at that time. Jose Livio
ended up graduating in exactly the second class of new young forest
engineers to Brazil. The challenges also continued through his pioneering
graduate studies. In 1972, he was awarded with the degree of M.Sc.
(Master of Science) by the University of Maine at Orono (USA); and
in 1978, he earned a Ph.D. ("Philosophiae Doctor") by NCSU
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh (USA). With these academic
titles, Jose Livio returned back to Brazil in 1978 as one of the
most complete and among the very few professionals with such high
academic standards. This period was exactly the time when Brazil
was developing its exporting-oriented market pulp industry, based
on the guidelines and support provided by the Federal Government.
Several new pulp mills were starting-up at that time, as Riocell,
Cenibra, Aracruz, Jari, Bahia Sul, and some others were being modernized
(Suzano, Ripasa, Klabin, etc.). As a conclusion, a golden period
was waiting for competent, skilled and determined people to help
this growth.
Dr. Gomide had these opportunities to study abroad
because he had been hired as a professor at the former School of
Forestry (http://www.def.ufv.br/interna.php?p=1)
from UFV - Federal University of Vicosa. As soon as he graduated in Curitiba
as forest engineer, he proved to be able and approved to work as
professor at the current UFV in the area of forest products, in the
course of forestry. He first began to teach and develop educational
materials on drying of wood, wood for sawmills, etc. However, the
pulp and paper science and technology had a special attraction to
him. Even so, he wrote a few booklets on drying of wood and other
timber technologies which are still widely used and cited in the
technical literature in Brazil.
However, there was one key factor that definitely directed Dr. Gomide
to the area of pulp and paper. The UFV obtained financial resources
for the implementation of a well-equipped laboratory for teaching and
researching in pulp and paper, as a vital complement to the course
of forestry. This laboratory, which was born with the leadership of
Professor Jose Livio, was inaugurated in 1970, and from then until
the current days, is under his command. The challenges to Professor
Jose Livio were enormous: one of them was to integrate technical issues
of chemical engineering and forestry in a career in science and technology
of pulp and paper. However, the barriers could be overcome and the
course and laboratory grew and soon were consolidated. Thanks to the
value of everything that has been developed and carried out, the LCP
- Pulp and Paper Laboratory (http://www.lcp.ufv.br/)
grew and has been modernized, winning recognition as a center of excellence
in science and forest products technology in Brazil.
From the early 80's, with the academic achievements that gave him the
appropriate knowledge, and with the availability of laboratory facilities,
Jose Livio was able to dedicate his career to teaching and researching
on topics of pulp and paper. As the state of Minas Gerais has an outstanding
participation in forest areas planted with Eucalyptus in Brazil, it
was natural that the Eucalyptus trees and woods started to deserve
attention in his researches. Furthermore, the Brazilian exporting model
of market pulp had chosen these trees to be the main source of fibers
to this thriving industry.
Other great leverage factors for the growth of LCP - Pulp and Paper
Laboratory - were the partnerships that the LCP / UFV began to develop
with companies of the pulp and paper value chain. The first, and perhaps
the most important of all, it was with CENIBRA - Celulose Nipo-Brasileira,
between the years 1977 to 1980. At that time, the company invested
and contributed decisively and firmly to the creation of a graduate
course and studies in pulp and paper at UFV, based on the original
LCP resources and using the own industrial facilities and human resources
available in the pulp mill location (Belo Oriente/MG). I was privileged
to be one of those who could participate in this graduate course setting.
I guess one of the main causes for the succes it was the fact that
I was able to motivate the UFV dean at the time (the great strategist,
and with great future vision, Dr. Antonio Fagundes de Souza). He decided
to allocate more qualified human resources in this area and to support
the graduate course. Two new professors were approved for the LCP,
which turned out to be two students from the newly created course,
good friends and former students of mine: Rubens Chaves de Oliveira
and Jorge Luiz Colodette. Together with Gomide, and later with Claudio
Mudado Silva, they have formed a team of remarkable achievements for
the sector. Part of this rich and wonderful story is told in Portuguese
at http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/relatos.html, when
I have written with emotion what happened there, according to my personal
views.
So, when Dr. Gomide returned to Brazil in 1978, he found here a fast-growing
industry and a laboratory full of talented students willing to learn
and to serve this attractive industry. The course and the laboratory
also got support from various sectors of the UFV, CENIBRA, Florestas
Rio Doce, Riocell, and from suppliers to the pulp and paper industry
(Peroxidos do Brasil, IMPCO, White Martins, etc.). All the ingredients
for a recipe of success were available. Jose Livio with his dynamism,
determination, competence and leadership, and in partnership with his
team, was able to convert this graduate course program and this laboratory
in one of the most important in education and research for pulp and
paper science and technology. This in a global basis, not only in Brazil.
Dr. Gomide's approach to the Eucalyptus early began in his
career. In planning his master's thesis at the University of Maine,
he decided
to study the potential of some Brazilian native species for pulp production,
comparing them with the Eucalyptus saligna. Soon after, in
Raleigh, he has scheduled his doctoral research by placing the timber
of a species
of Eucalyptus (E.viminalis) as a source of fiber for his studies
on organosolv pulping. He has always been attracted by the innovations
in pulping processes, having studied the variations of pulping with
anthraquinone, solvents, polysulfide, and other alternative processes.
Now for example, he is engaging himself with the modern technologies
of biorefineries, associated to pulping processes.
Dr.
Gomide's major lines of research have been till now:
• Eucalyptus wood quality for pulp and paper production;
•
optimization of the kraft pulping technology and its variations;
•
maximizing yields in the conversion of wood into pulp;
•
use of auxiliary additives for cooking;
•
chemical changes of the wood components during pulping;
•
new pulping technologies;
•
use of wood for biorefinery technologies integrated with pulp production.
In addition to the Eucalyptus fibers, other species have also deserved
his attention. After all, the Brazilian pulp and paper sector has also
other fibrous raw materials and other pulping processes. As the LCP
- Pulp and Paper Laboratory also provides services to the industrial
community in Brazil, there is a huge variety of other fibers already
surveyed and researched by Dr. Gomide and team.
Besides researching, Jose Livio has enormous educational activity.
He is responsible for courses on wood quality and pulping processes
in undergraduate, graduate (master and doctorate), professional master's
degree, specializations, short courses, lectures, etc. By offering
pulp and paper specialization courses to the industry, the UFV team
managed to overcome 800 trained professionals from many different companies
associated to pulp and paper from Brazil and from some Latin American
countries. The partnership with ABTCP - Brazilian Technical Association
of Pulp and Paper has helped in the process of developing high-level
education to technicians (http://www.abtcp.org/arquivos/File/proposta%202009.pdf ).
His
intense educational and advising guidance to students can be easily
proven by the numbers below:
• advised or co-supervised about 60 master of science dissertations, 10
doctorate theses and 55 specialization monographs;
•
participated in about 100 M.Sc. defense boards, 18 Ph.D. and more than 250 defenses
of monographs in the specialization courses.
Besides his huge scientific and technical production available in scientific
journals, conferences papers, book chapters, etc., he developed with
his team more than 200 reports of technical projects for pulp and paper
manufacturing companies and suppliers of this productive chain in Brazil
and abroad.
For
these reasons, with all this dedication to science, education and technology, "there is little time for other activities",
as he confessed to me. For that reason, we can say that our dear professor
Gomide is a man dedicated to his profession and his successful career.
Good for Brazil and to the Eucalyptus.
Many
were his professional achievements, as well as the satisfaction of
having developed skills in so many people to the industry he has chosen
to work. Some of his main achievements and awards were:
• Numerous awards for "best paper" in technical conferences and
journals, particularly in the ABTCP - Brazilian Technical Association of Pulp
and Paper Annual Congresses;
•
Awarded the title "TAPPI Fellow, an honor given by TAPPI - Technical Association
of the Pulp and Paper Industry (USA) for his outstanding technical contribution
to the pulp and paper industry;
•
Member (Fellow) of the International Academy of Wood Science, offered to the
more relevant researchers on the science of wood;
•
Gold Medal "Peter H. Rolfs" by merit of research, given by the UFV
for his effective contribution to the development of the Science and Technology
in the state of Minas Gerais;
•
"Merit on Forestry" diploma, awarded by the Government of the state
of Minas Gerais;
•
Medal "Bello Lisboa", given by the UFV for his services rendered to
the institution.
Dr. Gomide also had outstanding performance in leading the UFV Forest
Engineering Department, some scientific institutions of the sector
and university programs of graduate studies, both in Brazil and abroad.
For all these accomplishments and achievements, it is very easy to
understand why Dr. Gomide is being honored as a "Friend
of the Eucalyptus". It is being a privilege to me to share with you a
little about his life and his achievements.
Finally, when I asked about his future plans, he mentioned that retirement
is coming soon, but that he does not yet know which path to follow,
since teaching and researching always commanded his professional life.
However, quickly added: "I know I am a privileged person,
because I have the love and affection of my soons, daughter, grandson
and wife,
all giving me everything a man could want to be happy."
To know more about Dr. Jose Livio Gomide career, please visit his curriculum
made available through the CNPq Lattes Platform of academic curricula
(or other sources in a simplified form) and browse the selection of
articles, lectures and courses that we selected and placed below for
you.
Dr. Jose Livio Gomide - CNPq Lattes Curriculum vitae. Accessed on
02.02.2010
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.jsp?id=K4781177P5 (In
Portuguese)
Dr. Jose Livio Gomide. Simplified Curriculum. Accessed on 04.02.2010
http://www.lcp.ufv.br/index.php?acao=pessoal/jose_livio_gomide (In
Portuguese)
http://www.ucm.es/info/prolipapel/noticias-paginas/seminario-kraft-nov07/Curriculum-jose-livio.pdf (In
Spanish)
To know the Master and Doctoral theses written by Dr. Jose Livio Gomide,
both defended in American universities, please access them right away:
Etanol pulping of Eucalyptus viminalis wood and chemical
characterization of the pulping spent liquor. J.L. Gomide.
Ph.D. Thesis. North Carolina State University. 81 pp. (1978)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2007%20-%20
Ethanol%20pulping%20of%20eucalyptus%20viminalis%20wood%20an.pdf
Kraft pulping and fiber characteristics of five Brazilian woods. J.L.
Gomide. Master of Science Thesis. University of Maine at Orono. 96 pp.
(1972)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2008%20-%20
Kraft%20pulping%20and%20fiber%20characteristics%20of%20five.pdf
Among the more than 200 extremely relevant technical articles published
by Dr. Jose Livio Gomide co-worked with his team and/or students on specialized
magazines in Brazil, Chile, United States, Canada and many other countries,
together with those presented at conferences in Brazil and abroad, I
have selected some in which his participation was vital. Jose Livio is
definitely a researcher who works in team. His articles are almost always
in partnership with his students or with other professors from UFV. Many
are the papers that have been published with participation of his friends
and colleagues from the LCP laboratory: Dr. Jorge Luiz Colodette, Dr.
Rubens Chaves de Oliveira and Dr. Claudio Mudado Silva. For this very
reason, I have selected for being part of this biography some of the
published papers where the main line of research has been originated
from Dr. Gomide's talent and guidance. In the near future, when we will
present the biographies and scientific production originated from doctors
Colodette, Rubens and Claudio, we will end up further in the long list
of technical articles with Dr. Jose Livio Gomide participation. For this
reason, we are bringing to you about 35% of Dr. Gomide's scientific production
in this issue number 25 of our Eucalyptus Newsletter. However, we are
very sure that as soon as we have the reports and biographies of the
other LCP/UFV friends, we are to make available to the global society
virtually all publications of relevance originated from this amazing
team of professors and their students or trainees. Our goal is to honor
this group of talented and qualified researchers; and at the same time,
to share their knowledge with the enormous number of people who need
them.
Enjoy knowing more about this selection of articles, lectures, papers
and handouts generated by the academic dedication of this great teacher
and friend of the Eucalyptus. I selected only articles more related
to the Eucalyptus. However, Dr. Gomide is also a reference in Brazil
for being a leading expert in pulping of bamboo for pulp and paper.
He has also published technical articles on pulping of pinewood and
other species of trees and woods. With regard to his work with bamboo,
we will soon dedicate a section in our other digital publication, PinusLetter, which will highlight his work with bamboo and pine as well.
Please, browse this selection of some 70 articles and educational presentations
to know more about the Eucalyptus trees, their woods and the conversion
of them into pulp and paper, as a result of Professor Jose Livio Gomide
studies ands researches. I further propose that you also visit the
section below called "Online Technical
References". We placed
euca-links to 16 theses or abstracts of theses, all from graduate students
under Dr. Gomide's guidance.
Thanks
also to all organizations and individuals who have contributed to make
feasible this long list of lectures, theses and articles being offered
through our Eucalyptus Newsletter number 25. This is definitely a consolidation
of a enormous bank of knowledge about the Eucalyptus generated at the
Pulp and Paper Laboratory from UFV under the leadership of Professor
Gomide. Wait for the sequence, when we are also to honor the other
LCP professors.
Predicao de qualidade da madeira e da polpa celulosica por
tecnica de espectroscopia de infravermelho proximo (NIRS). R. B. Santos; J.L.
Gomide; L.C. Souza. Revista Arvore 33(4): 759-767. (2009)
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v33n4/v33n4a19.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Impacto da qualidade da madeira de eucalipto no desempenho
financeiro de um modelo de fabrica brasileira de celulose. (Influence of Eucalyptus wood
properties on the financial performance of a modeled Brazilian pulp
mill). J. Lopez; J.L. Gomide; R. Phillips. O Papel 70(7): 53-71. (2009)
http://www.revistaopapel.org.br/noticia-anexos/1251310871_
19691372edd54ca288d6bfca816bb512_1292513266.pdf (In Portuguese
and English)
Estrutura anatomica da madeira. J.L. Gomide. ABTCP/UFV
Specialization Course in P&P. PowerPoint presentation: 40 slides.
(2009)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2001.%
20Estrutura%20Anat%F4mica%20e%20Densidade%20da%20Madeira.pdf (In
Portuguese)
A importancia relativa da densidade da madeira e do teor de carboidratos
no rendimento da polpa e na qualidade do produto. (Relative
importance of wood density and carbohydrate content on pulping yield
and product quality).
A. Mokfienski; J.L. Colodette; J.L. Gomide; A.M.M.L. Carvalho. Ciencia
Florestal 18(3): 401-413. (2008)
http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/pdf/534/53418313.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
http://cascavel.ufsm.br/revistas/ojs-2.2.2/index.php/
cienciaflorestal/article/download/451/348 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
http://www.bioline.org.br/request?cf08038 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Estudio del pretratamiento con disolventes organicos en la obtencion
de pulpa kraft de eucalipto. (Study of pretreatment with organic
solvents in obtaining Eucalyptus kraft pulp). J.C. Garcia;
F. Lopez; J. Colodette; J.L. Gomide; P. Mutje; M.A. Pelach. V
CIADICYP - Mexico. 09 pp. (2008)
http://www.riadicyp.org.ar/downloads/ciadi2008/pulpeo01.pdf (In
Spanish)
ABSTRACT: An empirical mathematical model for the predictive
analysis of the chemical absorption of hydroxide in Eucalyptus wood. M.M.
Costa; J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette; L.A. Lucia; P. Mutje. Industrial & Engineering
Chemistry Research 47(11): 3856-3860. (2008)
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=20388791 (In
English)
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie071119k (In
English)
ABSTRACT: Comparative study on the chemical composition of lipophilic fractions
from three wood tissues of Eucalyptus species by gas
chromatography / mass spectrometry analysis. F.O. Silverio; L.C.A.
Barbosa; A.J.D. Silvestre; D. Pilo-Veloso; J. L. Gomide. Journal
of Wood Science 53(6):533-540. (2007)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/j51u1k86373n1r18/ (In
English)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/j51u1k86373n1r18/fulltext.pdf?page=1 (In
English)
Influencia da madeira com fungo Ceratocystis fimbriata no processo de producao e qualidade da celulose. (Influence
of Ceratocystis fimbriata fungus containing
wood on the pulp production process and pulp quality).
J.C.P. Araujo; C.J.G. Carneiro; J.F.Silva; J.L. Gomide.
O Papel (December): 95-105. (2007)
http://www.revistaopapel.org.br/noticia-anexos/1250615340_
a4dca8ea8224fa6c61323d6e7732d8ca_468884776.pdf (In Portuguese
and English)
Comportamento dos constituintes quimicos da madeira de eucalipto
na polpacao Lo-Solids. L.R. Pimenta; J.L. Gomide; J.L.
Colodette; N.H. Shin. III ICEP - International Colloquium on Eucalyptus
Pulp. 14 pp. (2007)
http://www.celuloseonline.com.br/imagembank/Docs/
DocBank/Eventos/430/2PimentaOral.pdf (In Portuguese)
Lo-Solids kraft pulping of Eucalyptus wood. J.L. Gomide; L.R.
Pimenta; J.L. Colodette; N.H. Shin. Tappi Engineering, Pulping & Environmental
Conference. 43 pp. (2007)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%
2009%20-%20losolids%20cooking%20Gomide.2007.pdf (In English)
Qualidade da madeira de Eucalyptus. J.L.
Gomide. IX BioWork. PowerPoint presentation: 36 slides. (2007)
http://www.forestbiotech.org/pdf/Qualidade_da_Madeira_de_
Eucalyptus-Jose_Livio_Gomida.pdf (In Portuguese)
Estrutura anatomica e qualidade da madeira. J.L. Gomide. ABTCP/UFV
Specialization Course in P&P. PowerPoint presentation: 272 slides.
(2007)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2002%20-
%20Anat%F4mia_e_Qualidade_e_da_Madeira-Agosto2007.pdf (In
Portuguese)
Avaliacao tecnologica de clones de eucalipto. Parte 1: Qualidade da
madeira para producao de celulose kraft. (Technological
assessment of Eucalyptus wood clones. Part 1 - Wood
quality for kraft pulp production). C.R. Ferreira; M. Fantini
Jr.; J.L. Colodette; J.L. Gomide; A.M.M.L. Carvalho. Scientia
Forestalis 70: 161-170. (2006)
http://www.ipef.br/publicacoes/scientia/nr70/cap16.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Avaliacao tecnologica de clones de eucalipto. Parte 2 – Qualidade
da celulose branqueada kraft para papel de imprimir e escrever. (Technological assessment of Eucalyptus wood
clones. Part 2 - Bleached pulp quality for printing
and writing papers). C.R. Ferreira; M. Fantini Jr.;
J.L. Colodette; R.C. Oliveira; J.L. Gomide; A.M.M.L. Carvalho. Scientia
Forestalis 71: 09 – 18. (2006)
http://www.ipef.br/publicacoes/scientia/nr71/cap01.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Caracterizacao tecnologica de celulose kraft de Eucalyptus por espectroscopia de infravermelho proximo. R.B. Santos;
L.C. Souza; J.L. Gomide. ABTCP/TAPPI International Congress.
10 pp. (2006)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2010%20-%20caracteriza%E7%E3o%20por%20NIR.2006.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Utilizacao de cavacos para analises por espectroscopia
de infravermelho proximo (NIR). (Chip utilization
for near infrared spectroscopy analyses). R.B. Santos;
L.C. Souza; J.L. Gomide. O Papel (May): 84-93. (2006)
http://www.revistaopapel.org.br/noticia-anexos/1251299200_
6df06652c0a1d2336ef28b3fd4d10659_1161012999.pdf (In Portuguese,
with summary in English)
Caracterizacao quimica do "pitch" em industria
de celulose e papel de Eucalyptus. (Chemical characterization
of pitch in Eucalyptus pulp and paper industry). M.P.
Cruz; L.C.A. Barbosa; C.R.A. Maltha; A.F. Milanez. Quimica Nova
29(3): 459-466. (2006)
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/qn/v29n3/29272.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Producao de celulose de Eucalyptus no Brasil:
desafios e novos desenvolvimentos. J.L. Gomide. 39th ABTCP/TAPPI Congress. PowerPoint
presentation: 30 slides. (2006)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2005%20-%20
ABTCP%20TAPPI%202006%20%20Jose%20Gomide.pdf (In Portuguese)
Eucalyptus wood characteristics. Brazilian
pulping industry. J.L. Gomide. TAPPI Eucalyptus Tutorial.
PowerPoint presentation: 36 slides. (2006)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/
Arquivo%2006%20-TAPPI%20Tutorial2.pdf (In English)
Metodologia de extracao e determinacao do teor de extrativos
em madeiras de eucalipto. (Methodology
of extration and determination of extractive contents in eucalypt
woods). F.O. Silverio; L.C.A. Barbosa; J.L. Gomide; F.P. Reis;
D. Pilo-Veloso. Revista Arvore 30(6): 1009-1016. (2006)
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v30n6/a16v30n6.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
ABSTRACT: Kraft pulping of Eucalyptus nitens wood chips biotreated by Ceriporiopsis
subvermispora. L. Mardones; J.L. Gomide; J. Freer;
A. Ferraz; J. Rodriguez. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology
81(4): 608-613. (2006)
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/jws/jctb/2006/
00000081/00000004/art00019 (In English)
Os clones de excelencia no Brasil para producao de celulose. J.L. Gomide;
J.L. Colodette; R.C. Oliveira; C.M. Silva. ABTCP/TAPPI International
Congress. 15 pp. (2006)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2011%
20-%20clones%20de%20excel%EAncia.2006.pdf (In Portuguese,
with summary in English)
Caracterizacao tecnologica, para producao de celulose, da nova
geracao de clones de Eucalyptus do Brasil. (Technological
characterization of the new generation of Eucalyptus clones
in Brazil for kraft pulp production). J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette;
R.C. Oliveira; C.M. Silva. Revista Arvore 29(1): 129-137. (2005)
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v29n1/24242.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Clones de Eucalyptus versus a producao de polpa
celulosica. (Eucalyptus clones
versus cellulosic pulp production). P.F. Trugilho; M.L.
Bianchi; J.L. Gomide; J.T. Lima; L.M. Mendes; F.A. Mori; D.F.
Ferreira. Ciencia Florestal 15(2): 145-155. (2005)
http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?cf05014 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/src/inicio/ArtPdfRed.jsp?iCve=53415204 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Calidad de las maderas de clones de Eucalyptus de Brasil para
la produccion de celulosa kraft. (A technological analysis of
the Brazilian Eucalyptus clones woods for kraft pulp
production). J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette; R.C. Oliveira; C.M.
Silva. II International Colloquium on Eucalyptus Pulp. 17 pp.
(2005)
http://www.celuloseonline.com.br/imagembank/Docs/DocBank/Eventos/SII_5.pdf (In
Spanisn, with summary in English)
Technological characterization of the new generation of Brazilian Eucalyptus clones
for kraft pulp production. J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette; R.C. Oliveira;
C.M. Silva. Tappi Pulping Conference. 20 pp. (2005)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2012%20-
%20Brazilian%20clones%20Gomide.2005.pdf (In English)
Tecnologia e quimica da producao
de celulose. Parte 01. J.L. Gomide. ABTCP/UFV Specialization
Course. PowerPoint presentation: 218 slides. (2005)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2003-%20
Tecnologia_e_Quimica_da_Produ%E7%E3o_de_Celulose_-_P.pdf (In
Portuguese)
Tecnologia e quimica da producao
de celulose. Parte 02. J.L. Gomide. ABTCP/UFV Specialization
Course. PowerPoint presentation: 229 slides. (2005)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2004%
20-Tecnologia_e_Quimica_da_Produ%E7%E3o_de_Celulose_-_P.pdf (In
Portuguese)
Estrategia de analise da qualidade de madeira
de Eucalyptus
sp. para producao de celulose. (A laboratory technique
to establish Eucalyptus sp. wood quality for kraft pulp
production). J.L. Gomide; H. Fantuzzi Neto; H.G. Leite. Revista
Arvore 28(3): 443 - 450. (2004)
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v28n3/21611.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Classificacao de clones de Eucalyptus sp visando
a producao
de polpa celulosica. (Classification
of Eucalyptus
sp clones for kraft pulp production). P.F. Trugilho;
M.L. Bianchi; J.L. Gomide; U. Schuchardt. Revista Arvore
28(6): 895 - 899. (2004)
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v28n6/23991.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Estudos sobre a impregnacao de
cavacos de Eucalyptus
spp. M.M. Costa; J.L. Gomide;
M. Zanuttini; E. Souza; M. Brum Neto. 37th ABTCP Congress – Brazilian
Pulp and Paper Technical Association. 11 pp. (2004)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Impregna%E7%
E3o%20paper%20marcelo%20costa%20abtcp2004.pdf (In Portuguese,
with summary in English)
Estudos sobre a impregnacao de cavacos
de Eucalyptus
spp. M.M. Costa; J.L. Gomide; M. Zanuttini;
E. Souza; M. Brum Neto. 37th ABTCP Congress – Brazilian
Pulp and Paper Technical Association. PowerPoint presentation:
45 slides. (2004)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Impregna%
E7%E3o%20cavacos%20euca%20by%20Marcelo%20Costa%20PPT.pdf (In
Portuguese)
Mecanismo de impregnacao alcalina dos cavacos
de Eucalyptus
spp. M.M. Costa; J.L. Gomide; M. Zanuttini; E.
Souza; M. Brum Neto. 37th ABTCP Congress – Brazilian Pulp
and Paper Technical Association. 11 pp. (2004)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/ABTCP%202004%20-%
20M%20Costa%20%20Impregnaci%F3n%20astllas%20eucaliptos.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Utilizacao de surfactantes, na polpacao kraft
de madeira de eucalipto, como auxiliar na remocao
de extrativos lipofilicos.(Surfactant utilization
in kraft pulping of Eucalyptus wood
to improve lipophilic extractives removal). D.J. Silva; J.L.
Gomide; J.L. Colodette. Revista Arvore 28(6): 911-917.
(2004)
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v28n6/23993.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Influencia da densidade basica da madeira na qualidade
da polpa kraft de clones hibridos de Eucalyptus
grandis W.
Hill ex Maiden X Eucalyptus urophylla S. T.
Blake.
(Effect of wood basic density on kraft pulp quality
of hybrid Eucalyptus
grandis W. Hill ex Maiden X Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.
Blake clones). S.C.S Queiroz; J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette;
R.C. Oliveira. Revista Arvore
28(6): 901-909. (2004)
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v28n6/23992.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Efeitos das caracteristicas anatomicas e quimicas
na densidade basica da madeira de clones hibridos
de Eucalyptus
grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. S.C.S.Queiroz;
J.L. Gomide. O Papel (June): 79 - 84. (2003)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%
2002_artigo%20tese%20Simone%20Queiroz.pdf (In Portuguese,
with summary in English)
Importancia da densidade e do teor de carboidratos da madeira
de eucalipto no desempenho da linha de fibras. A. Mokfienski;
J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette; R.C. Oliveira. I International Colloquium
on Eucalyptus Pulp. 14 pp. (2003)
http://www.celuloseonline.com.br/imagembank/
Docs/DocBank/dc/dc099.pdf (In Portuguese, with summary in
English)
Criterios de selecao de clones para
maximizar rendimento e qualidade da celulose. C. Ferreira;
M. Fantini Jr.; R.C. Oliveira; J.L. Colodette; J.L. Gomide. I
International Colloquium on Eucalyptus Pulp. 14 pp. (2003)
http://www.celuloseonline.com.br/imagembank/Docs/DocBank/dc/dc049.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Tecnica para estabelecimento da qualidade tecnologica da madeira
de eucalipto visando producao de celulose.
J.L. Gomide; H. Fantuzzi Neto; H.G. Leite. I International
Colloquium on Eucalyptus Pulp. 13 pp. (2003)
http://www.celuloseonline.com.br/imagembank/Docs/DocBank/dc/dc048.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Avaliacao tecnologica de
clones de eucalipto da Veracel Celulose S. A.
C. Ferreira; J. Colodette; J.L. Gomide; M. Fantini
Junior. 36th ABTCP Congress - Brazilian Pulp and Paper
Technical Association. 18 pp. (2003)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/
Arquivo%2013%20-%20clones%20veracel.2003.pdf (In Portuguese, with
summary in English)
Influence of pulping conditions on kraft pulp yield, quality and bleachability. J.L.
Colodette; J.L. Gomide; R. Girard; A.-S. Jaaskelainen; D.S. Argyropoulus. TAPPI
Journal (March): 14 - 20. (2002)
http://www.tappi.org/s_tappi/sec_publications.asp?CID=4931&DID=525220&css=print (In
English)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2014%
20-%20pulping%20conditions%20colodette.2002.pdf (In English)
Utilizacao de surfactantes como aditivos do processo de
polpação kraft de eucalipto. (Utilization
of surfactants as Eucalyptus kraft pulping additives).
D.J. Silva; J.M. Almeida; J.L. Gomide. 35th ABTCP Congress -
Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical Association. 11 pp. (2002)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/
Uso%20surfactante%20no%20cozimento%20kraft.pdf (In Portuguese,
with summary in English)
Effects of sulfidity reduction and anthraquinone addition on pollutant
emission and quality of Eucalyptus kraft pulp. F.J. Silva;
J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette. Tappi Journal. 10 pp. (2002)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/
Arquivo%2015%20-%20sulfidity%2BAQ%20Gomide.2002.pdf (In
English)
Efeito da redução da sulfidez, com adição
de antraquinona, nas emissões poluentes e na qualidade
da polpa kraft de eucalipto. (Effect of sulfidity reduction
and addition of anthraquinone on pollutant emission and quality
of Eucalyptus kraft
pulp). F.J. Silva; J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette; A.C. Oliveira
Filho. 34th ABTCP Congress - Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical
Association. 16 pp. (2001)
http://www.tappi.org/content%5CJournal%5C2002%5CTJ%5C09sep02%5CSilva_Port.pdf (In
Portuguese)
http://www.tappi.org/content/Journal/2002/TJ/09sep02/02SEP63.pdf (In
English)
ABSTRACT: Yield and bleachability of hardwood and softwood kraft/polysulphide
pulps: Increasing PS concentration leads to slightly increased pulp yields. J.L.
Colodette; J.L. Gomide; K. Gleysis; J. Kogan; A. Jaaskelainen;
D.S. Argyropoulus. Pulp & Paper Canada 102(9):
50-53. (2001)
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=1133047 (In
English)
Dissolucao dos constituintes da madeira de eucalipto
ao longo dos processos kraft continuo convencional
e aditivado.
J.M. Almeida.; J.L. Gomide; D.J. Silva. Revista Arvore
24(2): 215 – 222. (2000)
http://books.google.com.br/books?id=6XWaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121&dq=
%22Dissolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o+dos+constituintes+da+madeira+de+eucalipto+ao+
longo+dos+processos+kraft+cont%C3%ADnuo+convencional+e+aditivado
%22&source=bl&ots=GHv0UW3jhX&sig=wULxsBI3rodfyo6KEDKScjfzm6U&hl=
ptBR&ei=qtcRSo6DD4aEtwfWqfSJCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Producao de celulose kraft de Eucalyptus, utilizando
processos batch de deslignificacao convencional
e seletiva. (Eucalyptus kraft
pulp production by conventional and selective batch processes
deslignification). J.L. Gomide; H. Fantuzzi Neto. O Papel (April):90-96.
(2000)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2016%20-%
20Produ%E7%E3o%20de%20celulose%20kraft%20de%20eucalyptus.2000.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Caracteristicas e branqueabilidade de polpas kraft/polissulfeto
de madeiras de Eucalyptus e de Pinus. K.G.
Salomao; J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette; J. Kogan; A.S. Jaaskelainen;
D.S. Argyropoulus. 33rd ABTCP Congress - Brazilian Pulp and Paper
Technical Association. 09 pp. (2000)
http://www.celuloseonline.com.br/imagembank/
Docs/DocBank/dc/dc108.pdf (In Portuguese,
with summary in English)
Fatores que afetam a branqueabilidade de polpas kraft de Eucalyptus. Parte
2: Influencia de parametros da polpacao.
J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette; R.C. Oliveira; R. Girard; D.S.
Argyropoulus. 33rd ABTCP Congress - Brazilian Pulp and Paper
Technical Association. 10 pp. (2000)
http://www.celuloseonline.com.br/imagembank/Docs/
DocBank/dc/dc107.pdf (In Portuguese, with summary in English)
Estudos de otimizacao do perfil de temperatura na polpacao
RDH de Eucalyptus grandis. . C.R.S.
Ferreira; J.L. Gomide; R.C. Oliveira; J.L. Colodette; H. Fantuzzi
Neto. 33rd ABTCP Congress - Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical
Association. 16 pp. (2000)
http://www.celuloseonline.com.br/imagembank/
Docs/DocBank/dc/dc074.pdf (In Portuguese, with summary in
English)
Aspectos fundamentais da polpacao kraft
de madeira de Eucalyptus. J.L.
Gomide; H. Fantuzzi Neto. O Papel 61(3): 62-68. (2000)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Dissolu%E7%E3o%20
constituintes%20madeira%20eucalipto%20cozimento%20kraf.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Monitoramento da remocao dos constituintes
da madeira de Eucalyptus e
do consumo de reagentes em processo kraft continuo modificado. (Monitoring
wood constituents removal and alkali consumption during modified
continuous pulping of Eucalyptus wood). J.M. Almeida;
J.L. Gomide. 32nd ABTCP Congress - Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical
Association. 17 pp. (1999)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Remo%E7%E3o%20
constituintes%20madeira%20eucalipto%20processo%20kraft.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Fatores que afetam a branqueabilidade de polpas kraft de Eucalyptus por
sequencias ECF, Z-ECF e TCF: Influencia do processo de polpacao. J.L.
Colodette; J.L. Gomide; Y.A.M. Robles; J.M. Almeida; A.C. Brito;
S.K. Mehlman; D.S. Argyropoulus. O Papel (May): 45 - 56. (1999)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2017%20-%20
Fatores%20que%20afetam%20a%20branqueabilidade.1999.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Estudos de maximizacao de rendimento com madeira
de Eucalyptus em
processo kraft continuo. J.M. Almeida; J.L. Gomide;
J.L. Colodette. 2nd Delignification Seminar. ABTCP - Brazilian
Pulp and Paper Technical Association. p. 62-78. (1999)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2018
%20-%20maximiza%E7%E3o%20rendimento.1999.pdf (In Portuguese,
with summary in English)
Polpacao kraft convencional e modificada
de Eucalyptus: caracteristicas
tecnologicas e dissolucao de carboidratos
e lignina. H. Fantuzzi Neto; J.L. Gomide; J.L. Colodette.
Congress on "Tecnologia de Fabricacao da Pasta Celulosica".
ABTCP - Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical Association. p. 59-68.
(1998)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2019
%20-%20polpa%E7%E3o%20kraft%20convencional%20e%20modificada.1998.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Efeito da idade de corte da madeira e de variaveis
de refino nas propriedades da celulose kraft branqueada de eucalipto. H.G.
Carvalho; R.C. Oliveira; J.L. Gomide; J. Colodette. 31st ABTCP
Congress - Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical Association. 16
pp. (1998)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/
06_idade%20floresta%20e%20celulose.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Impacto da qualidade da madeira na deslignificacao,
no branqueamento e na qualidade da polpa kraft de clones de eucalipto.
D.J. Silva; R.C. Oliveira; J.L. Colodette; J.L. Gomide. O Papel
(February): 33-43. (1997)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2020
%20-%20Impacto%20da%20qualidade%20da%20madeira.1997.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Utilizacao de antraquinona e polissulfeto como aditivos do processo
kraft para producao de celulose de Eucalyptus. Y.A.M.
Robles; J.L. Gomide; R.C. Oliveira; J.L. Colodette. O Papel (May):43-52.
(1997)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2021
%20-%20Utiliza%E7%E3o%20de%20antraquinona.1997.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Caracterizacao da madeira de Eucalyptus pilularis e
estudos para producao de celulose kraft. F.J.J.
Machado; J.L. Gomide; W.O. Campos; L.R. Capitani. Revista Arvore
12(2): 111-122. (1988)
http://books.google.cl/books?hl=es&lr=&id=_HuaAAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=
PA111&dq=%22gomide,+j.l.%22+&ots=e0MjTM_sDL&sig=8UFhWtC01U_
P_h4nguF_xpOj7n4#v=onepage&q=%22gomide%2C%20j.l.%22&f=false (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Utilizacao do processo soda antraquinona para producao
de celulose branqueavel de Eucalyptus spp. J.L.
Gomide; R.R. Vivone; A.R. Marques. 20th ABTCP Congress
- Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical Association. 09
pp. (1987)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2022
%20-%20polpa%E7%E3o%20soda%20antraquinona.1987.pdf (In Portuguese)
Polpacao etanol/soda de madeira de eucalipto.
B.J. Demuner; J.L. Gomide; E. Claudio-da-Silva Jr. 19th ABTCP
Congress - Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical Association. 17 pp. (1986)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2023
%20-%20polpa%E7%E3o%20etanol%20soda.1986.pdf (In Portuguese)
Utilizacao de compostos quinona na producao de polpa celulosica
de eucalipto. J.L. Gomide; R.C. Oliveira. J.L. Colodette. 13th ABTCP
Congress - Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical Association. 13 pp. (1980)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2024
%20-%20compostos%20quinona.1980.pdf (In Portuguese)
Soda-AQ: um novo processo para producao de polpa celulosica
de eucalipto. J.L. Gomide; R.C. Oliveira; J.L. Colodette.
Revista Arvore 4(2): 75-90. (1980)
http://books.google.com.br/books?id=XkWaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA76&dq=
antraquinona+polpa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+alcalina+gomide&lr=&cd=1#
v=onepage&q=antraquinona%20polpa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20alcalina%20gomide&f=false (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Producao de polpa kraft de eucalipto com adicao
de antraquinona. J.L. Gomide; R.C. Oliveira;
J.L. Colodette. Revista Arvore
4(2): 203-214. (1980)
http://books.google.com.br/books?id=IYeaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA213&dq=:
antraquinona+polpa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+alcalina+gomide&lr=&cd=2#v=
onepage&q=%3Aantraquinona%20polpa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20alcalina%20gomide&f=false (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Eficiencia da antraquinona na polpacao
alcalina de eucalipto. J.L. Gomide; R.C. Oliveira.
Revista Arvore 3(2): 208-220.
(1979)
http://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&lr=&id=U0WaAAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=
PA208&dq=tudonot%C3%ADtulo:+eucalyptus+OR+eucalipto+OR+eucaliptos+autor:
gomide&ots=bDkAZH6z0g&sig=A1Qbu2ajLRWdmrf1kOfNFIezQ1w# (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Polpa de celulose. Quimica dos processos alcalinos
de polpacao. J.L.
Gomide. UFV - Federal University of Vicosa. Illustrated Book.
50 pp. (1979)
http://orton.catie.ac.cr/cgi-bin/wxis.exe/?IsisScript=AGB.xis&method=
post&formato=2&cantidad=1&expresion=mfn=056431 (In
Portuguese)
Producao de celulose etanol de Eucalyptus viminalis utilizando
um sistema de multi-estagios. J.L. Gomide.
Revista Arvore
2(2): 152-168. (1978)
http://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&lr=&id=l4SaAAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=
PA152&dq=autor:%22jos%C3%A9+l%C3%ADvio+gomide%22&ots=5PaTF2cV-
Q&sig=MX2Kxa5pQoUsVUNbZGqCkSMbhrc#v=onepage&q=&f=false (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Producao de polpa celulosica pelo processo etanol
e caracterizacao quimica do licor residual. J.L. Gomide.
11th ABTCP Congress - Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical Association.
11 pp. (1978)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2025%20-%
20licor%20residual%20processo%20etanol.1978.pdf (In Portuguese)
Kraft pulping and fiber characteristics of five Brazilian woods. J.L.
Gomide; N.P. Kutscha; J.E. Shottafer; L.W. Zabel. Wood & Fiber
4(3): 158-169. (1972)
http://kbd.kew.org/kbd/detailedresult.do?id=38502 (In
English)
Secagem da madeira. J.L. Gomide. Universidade
Federal de Vicosa. Escola Superior de Florestas. 119 pp. (1969)
http://orton.catie.ac.cr/cgi-bin/wxis.exe/?IsisScript=AGB.xis&method=
post&formato=2&cantidad=1&expresion=mfn=102954 (In
Portuguese)
I have a great admiration for the expertise and educational
abilities of this great friend of the Eucalyptus. Moreover,
Professor Gomide is a born leader, struggling as few to
teach what he knows and to develop the skills and motivation
in people. For this reason and because the fraternal affection
I have for him, I felt myself honored and privileged to
have told you a little about the life of my dear friend
and also a great "Friend
of the Eucalyptus" and
to have shared some of his technical papers published over
his long career.
My dear and esteemed colleague Professor Dr. Jose Livio Gomide, thank
you for your friendship for all of us and for the Eucalyptus trees.
Also thanks, on behalf of all your thousands of admirers, for all you
have made and will continue doing to the pulp and paper sector, both
within Brazil and around the world, in all countries where the Eucalyptus are used as fibers to produce fantastic papers.
Online
Technical References
A
Selection of some Master of Science and Ph.D. Theses from UFV - Federal
University of Vicosa...
... under Dr. Jose Livio Gomide Guidance and Advising
In
this section, we always try to bring to our readers some euca-links
to relevant publications in the virtual world web. Just click on the
URLs addresses to open or save them to your computer. In this specific
issue, which celebrates the great teacher and scientist Dr.
Jose Livio Gomide, we have selected some of the Ph.D. theses and M.Sc. dissertations
from some of his graduate students at the Federal University of Vicosa
- UFV. Unfortunately, we were not able to bring too many, because several
of them have been prepared and defended in the pre-digital age, so
they are not available in digital banks. Fortunately, when preparing
my Life Report about my involvement with the Federal University of
Vicosa
(http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/relatos.html)
I had the care to put in digital format some of the dissertations from
my former students at UFV at that period when I was a professor there.
For this reason, we have some dissertations under Professor Gomide
guidance and which were defended in mid-1980's. We have also displayed
some material available in the CAPES Digital Bank of Theses Summaries
(http://servicos.capes.gov.br/capesdw/)
to enable you to know at least the abtstracts of some other more. Dr.
Jose Livio advised or co-supervised more than 60 M.Sc. dissertations,
nearly 10 doctoral theses and more than 55 monographs from an especialization
course in pulp and paper. Unfortunately, we could only rescue 16 to
you. Fortunately, on the other hand, most of these theses and dissertations
we were not able to retrieve have generated technical papers on congresses
and journals, made available on our previous section about Dr. Gomide.
We invite you to enjoy browsing this selection of literature on pulp and paper
and wood quality, specially prepared for you. So, you may better admire Dr.Gomide's
work as a professor. Through them, anyone may easily understand how professor
Gomide has been contributing to the development of human resources for this important
sector in Brazil. Most of these students are now relevant professionals engaged
in the Brazilian forest-based industrial segment.
Avaliacao
da madeira de hibridos de Eucalyptus
globulus com E. grandis e E. urophylla, para
producao de celulose, utilizando espectroscopia NIR. (Wood
evaluation of hybrids of Eucalyptus globulus with Eucalyptus
grandis for pulp production using NIR spectroscopy). F.R.
Milagres. Master of Science Dissertation. UFV. 142 pp. (2009)
http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1930 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
ABSTRACT: Polpacao kraft Lo-Solids de cavacos de Eucalytpus lixiviados com
solucoes acidas. (Lo-Solids kraft pulping of
acid leached Eucalyptus wood chips). R.B. Santos. Master of Science
Dissertation. UFV. 102 pp. (2008)
http://servicos.capes.gov.br/capesdw/resumo.html?idtese=20082632002017012P5 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
ABSTRACT: Comportamento dos componentes quimicos da
madeira de eucalipto na polpacao Lo-Solids®. (Behavior
of Eucalyptus wood chemical components along Lo-Solids pulping).
L.R. Pimenta. Master of Science Dissertation. UFV. (2006)
http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=414 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
ABSTRACT: Caracterizacao de extrativos e de "pitch" envolvidos
na fabricacao de polpa de celulose de Eucalyptus
sp. (Characterization of extractives and pitch related
to the Eucalyptus pulping process). M.P.Cruz. Master of
Science Dissertation. UFV. 103 pp. (2004)
http://servicos.capes.gov.br/capesdw/resumo.html?idtese=200416532002017015P4 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Importancia relativa da densidade basica e da constituicao
quimica de madeira de Eucalyptus spp. no rendimento, branqueabilidade
e qualidade da polpa kraft. (Relative importance of Eucalyptus
spp. wood
basic density and chemical composition on yield, bleachability and kraft pulp
quality). A. Mokfienski. Ph.D. Thesis. UFV. 153 pp. (2004)
http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1545 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Efeito das caracteristicas anatomicas e quimicas
na densidade basica da madeira e na qualidade da polpa de
clones hibridos de Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla. (Effect
of chemical and anatomic characteristics on wood basic density and
on pulp quality of Eucalypus grandis x urophylla clones).
S.C.S. Queiroz. Master of Science Dissertation. UFV. 91 pp. (2002)
http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=988 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Impactos da sulfidez e adicao de antraquinona
nas emissoes de metilmercaptana, nas caracteristicas
e na branqueabilidade de polpas kraft de Eucalyptus. (Impacts
of the sulfidity and addition of anthraquinone on methylmercaptan
emission and on the characteristics and bleachability of kraft pulps
of Eucalyptus
spp.). F.J. Silva. Master of Science Dissertation. UFV. 81 pp.
(2001)
ftp://ftp.bbt.ufv.br/teses/FABRICIO%20JOSE%20DA%20SILVA.PDF (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Otimizacao do perfil de temperatura na polpacao RDH
de Eucalyptus. (Temperature profile optimization
in RDH pulping of Eucalyptus sp.). C.R.S. Ferreira. Master of Science
Dissertation. UFV. 91 pp. (2000)
ftp://ftp.bbt.ufv.br/teses/157370f.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
ABSTRACT: Estudos de maximizacao de rendimento e monitoramento da
degradacao dos constituintes da madeira de Eucalyptus em
processo kraft continuo. (Studies for yield maximization and
chemical wood components monitoring in Eucalyptus continuous kraft
pulping). J.M. Almeida. Ph.D. Thesis. UFV. (1999)
http://servicos.capes.gov.br/capesdw/resumo.html?idtese=199930632002017012P5 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Efeito da idade de corte da madeira e de variaveis de
refino nas propriedades da celulose kraft branqueada de eucalipto.
(Effect of tree harvesting age and refining variables on Eucalyptus bleached
kraft pulp). H.G. Carvalho. Master of Science Dissertation. UFV.
212 pp. (1997)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo%2001_TESE-%20HUBEMAR.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
ABSTRACT: Utilizacao de antraquinona e polissulfeto
como aditivos do processo kraft para producao de celulose
de Eucalyptus. (Utilization of anthraquinone
and polisulphide as additives to the production of Eucalyptus kraft
pulp). Y.A.M. Robles. Master of Science Dissertation. UFV. 113 pp.
(1996)
http://servicos.capes.gov.br/capesdw/resumo.html?idtese=1996932002017012P5 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
ABSTRACT: Influencia do espaçamento de arvores na qualidade
da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis para producao de celulose
kraft. (Influence of tree spacing on the Eucalyptus wood
quality for kraft pulp production). V.N. Garlet. Master of Science Dissertation.
UFV. 118 pp. (1994)
http://servicos.capes.gov.br/capesdw/resumo.html?idtese=19941532002017012P5 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Aspectos quimicos da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis visando
a producao
de polpa celulosica. (Chemical aspects of Eucalyptus
grandis aiming the production of pulp).J.W. Kimo. Master of
Science Dissertation. UFV. 55 pp. (1986)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/ufv/UFV%
20%20Jos%E9%20W%20Kimo.pdf (In Portuguese, with summary
in English)
Estudos tecnologicos da polpacao kraft de Didymopanax
morototoni (Morototo) e Cedrelinga catanaeformis (Cedrerana). [Technological
studies of the kraft pulping for the woods of Didymopanax morototoni (Morototo)
and Cedrelinga catanaeformis (Cedrerana)]. F.J.L. Frazao. Master of
Science Dissertation. UFV. 119 pp. (1983)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/ufv/UFV%20%20
Francisco%20Juvenal%20Fras%E3o.pdf (In Portuguese,
with summary in English)
Estudos tecnologicos da polpacao sulfito neutro
de eucalipto com adicao de antraquinona. (Technological
studies of the neutral sulfite pulping of Eucalyptus wood with addition
of anthraquinone). A.M.C. Penalber. Master of Science Dissertation. UFV. 129
pp. (1983)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/ufv/Ana%20Penalber.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Utilizacao do peroxido de hidrogenio no branqueamento
de polpa kraft de eucalipto. (Utilization of hydrogen peroxide in
the Eucalyptus kraft
pulp bleaching). J.L. Colodette. Master of Science Dissertation. UFV. 87 pp.
(1981)
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/artigos/ufv/Jorge%20Colodette.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Technical
Mini-Article by Celso Foelkel
Pruning Eucalyptus Trees
Pruning
trees is a common silvicultural practice, both in urban tree planting
(for example: arboriculture - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboriculture),
as well as in commercial forest operations. These two situations
in terms of tree caring and actions have different purposes in
mind. In "urban forestry" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_forestry),
pruning aims to shape the trees, so they can provide shade in a
safe, healthy and aesthetic beauty. On the other hand, in forestry
for commercial purposes, pruning aims to improve the quality of
the wood formed by the trees, without harming the growth of the
forest. Pruning urban Eucalyptus trees will be soon released as
a forthcoming mini-article to be written by Ester Foelkel, in her
section "Curiosities and Oddities about the Eucalyptus". This specific mini-article in this edition's has the mission to
offer the fundamental contents on the pruning of trees for enhancing
the wood produced by them. With this in mind, the planters of forests
may increase their financial results with the sale of more valuable
timber, provided there is a market for it. Pruning is a complex
silvicultural operation and relatively expensive, whose goal is
to add value to the formed wood in the case of the pruned trees,
without losing the required forest productivity.
Why to prune trees?
All trees have branches in their crowns. As trees grow, they will
discard some unproductive branches, since some branches die for several
reasons. Over the time, these dead branches dry up and fall to the
ground surface. This phenomenon is called natural pruning of trees.
In planted forests, competition among trees is accelerated due to
close spacing and the process of death of lower lateral branches
occurs very early in the plants lives. It turns out that trees also
grow in diameter, as they form new tissues by the action of a secondary
lateral meristem called cambium. The xylem tissue formed by the cambium
will round the base of the branches, which become encompassed and
surrounded by the xylem of the stem. These regions of branches covered
with stem xylem give origin to the so-called "wood knots".
As the branches may be alive or dead, we have the formation of "living
knots" or "dead knots." Both are serious defects of
the woods, but the dead knots are much more problematic. They are
relatively loose within the structure of the wood, weakening the
wood resistance and showing the possibility to come off from the
wood structure. Also, they open ways to the penetration of pathogens
that deteriorate wood quality, causing decay, color changes and reduced
strengths. In this region, the Eucalyptus trees tend to form gums
and extractives that are intended to defend the tree against the
intrusion of these pathogen organisms. The cicatrization or healing
occurs, but leaves a loose knot and surrounded by pockets of gums,
which are called "kinos".
When the branch dies, over time it breaks and falls to the ground,
but always leaves a residual stub near the trunk. The tree does not
have the ability to expel this residual branch stub. The trend is
that new layers of xylem will be formed by tree, until they can finally
cover that stub and to heal the area. Associated with this, the tree
bark becomes deformed and thick in this region, as well as reaction
wood is formed in the surroundings of the wound. The result is that
the quality of wood deteriorates. In a saw-timber, in a wooden pole
or in a layer of veneer, the presence of knots will tend to bring
quality problems and worse performance results.
The pruning of trees is a silvicultural operation performed to minimize
the impact of the knots in the wood quality. Although it is impossible
to eliminate the branches of trees and always we have to live together
with a few knots, we can orient the position and to concentrate these
knots in a central shaft in the tree stem, closer to the pith. This
defective core receives the name of "knotty core". There
is technology and knowledge to make this knotty core with the smallest
possible diameter and more centralized in the logs obtained from
the pruned trees. When the pruned trees grow in diameter, exceeding
the knotty core, they form knot-free wood, which is also known as "clearwood" in
the wood markets. Therefore, pruning branches should be done as close
as possible to the stem, leaving minimal residual stubs. Clearwood
is extremely valuable and much desired for veneering, furniture manufacturing,
frames, wooden structures, etc. Anyway, every time the timber should
be apparent and to show its natural design, it is interesting that
clearwood be used. The planter of trees is advised to assess whether
or not there is market for this clearwood in the region the forests
are growing and to carefully balance the benefit/cost ratio of the
pruning operation.
Caring when pruning trees
Pruning trees is not just a mechanical operation. It requires specialized
technical training on forest workers and very careful implementation.
First, the worker must decide which trees he will prune, how high
and how he will cut the branches. Therefore, pruning trees is not
only an operation of cutting branches as quickly as possible to be
higly productive. Unfortunately, many producers and technicians think
and act as such, in the search for low cost in this operation.
The pruner of trees must have adequate tools, with appropriate maintenance,
and always sharp. He should be very cautious with the operation in
order not to injure the tree bark. When the branch is too thick and
heavy, he is advised to make the cut in two stages. First, cutting
the branches to about 30 cm from the stem; then, without the weight
of the branch forcing the branch down, he may set and adjust the
cut of the remaining twig as close to the trunk as he can, without
hurting the bark. Heavy branches cut without good care, break and/or
pull strips of the bark in the surrounding of the branch insertion
region. These wounds are huge and difficult to heal.
Another caution to be taken is not to hurt the "cicatrization
collar" which consists in a more protruberant region, just below
the limb insertion. This bark collar is responsible for starting
the process of wound healing, and to form xylem (to inside) and bark
(to outside) as a result of the cambium activity. For this reason,
even if someone wishes to have delimbing works as close as possible
to the stem, this should be done without injuring this collar, have
you understood?
In general, to prune trees the worker uses sharp small saws or specialized
scissors, known as New Zealander big scissors. The worker also needs
aluminum rods and ladders for high delimbing works, above the reach
of the operator when he is standing on the ground. Remember also
that the area should be relatively clean of weeds, to facilitate
the displacement of this operator with his equipment. Cleaning weeds
prior to pruning is advised to improve efficiency and to gain quality
in the operation.
Pruning effects in trees, forests and woods
The pruning of the branches not only improves the quality of the
new formed wood, but also affects the tree itself and its physiology.
With the partial removal of living branches with leaves, there is
a reduction of the crown, and of the LAI - Leaf Area Index. The LAI
is the ratio between total area of green leaves per area of land
occupied by forest. For Eucalyptus, the LAI varies between 2 to 5
meters of leaves/m² of land. With the removal of the living
leaves in the pruned branches, the plant has a reduction in its ability
to produce photosynthesis. The consequence is a lower amount of photo-assimilated
compounds to be converted into plant tissues. The result can be disastrous
if the pruning is excessive: the trees will be smaller in diameter
and may even lose the competition to low-quality plants in their
neighborhood and that have not been pruned, exactly for this reason.
For this fact, the intensity of pruning is a vital decision in this
silvicultural operation. It is well understood that there is a chance
of reduction on diameter growth as pruning consequence; but hardly
noticeable any loss of height growth. Thus, the pruned trees lose
some of the taper, becoming somewhat more cylindrical. This is why
we may have a slight increase in the tree shape factor in the case
of pruned trees, comparing them to not delimbed trees.
The knot-free wood is also slightly affected in terms of the wood
basic density. This is because the pruning is usually associated
with thinning. Thus, with more available light to the remaining branches,
the plants produce more earlywood in comparison to latewood. Clearwood
may have a slight lower wood basic density, but without damaging
its quality and performance.
These facts are important fundamentals that foresters need to know
to balance operations in a way to add and not to destroy value in
their forests. Unfortunately, I know many cases where unskilled operators
and technicians eventually reduce the value of the forest, because
their ignorance on the needs for a successful pruning.
Pruning intensity
There are some controversies and disagreements about the proportion
of tree crown that can be removed by artificial pruning without causing
problems in the growth of the forest. In general, the main reason
for these doubts is exactly the reference parameter to control pruning:
would be better to refer to the proportion of the total height of
the trees or to the proportion of the green crown to remove? Traditionally,
the forest planter prefers to relate to the total height of trees
- to prune between 40 to 60% of the height from the base of the tree.
It is known that at the time of the first artificial pruning (up
to the second year of age, in the case of Brazilian Eucalyptus)
the height of 50% corresponds to about 35 to 45% of green leaf area.
When we prune more than 60% of the total height, we run the risk
of being pruning more than 50% of the total leaf area and to affect
photosynthesis in a more severe way. There are many indications that
such a limit is dangerous and can affect the productivity of the
forest, especially the growth in diameter.
Luckily, the lower branches
are shaded branches, with low net photosynthetic production. Most
likely, they are branches that produce photosynthesis, but are also
consuming a lot of photo-assimilated compounds to grow and to breath.
Thus, the tradition has been to trim up to 40 to 60% of the total
height of the tree. There are some authors showing that even more
severe pruning, up to about 70% of the total height, still allow
recovery of the Eucalyptus planted forest, after a short period of
decline in diameter growth.
In normal situations of not so drastic artificial pruning, the forest
has a very active green remaining canopy - soon it recovers its growth
capacity in the pruned trees. As more low-productive branches are
taken in relation to active and efficient ones, the proportion of
net photo-assimilated compounds can even be improved. That is the
reason for keeping research being done in this area, because research
helps pointing the paths.
A major drawback resulting from the temporary reduction of pruned
trees growth is that pruned trees may suffer the threat of higher
competition in relation to the not pruned neighboring trees. For
this reason, many foresters take the option to prune all the trees
in the planted forest at the time of the low-pruning (first pruning).
Doing such, they hope to gain more productivity in the operator work,
as he does not have to think about choosing which trees to prune.
This operator starts to act more mechanically, pruning all the trees
at a fixed height of the soil (generally varying from 3.5 to 5.5
meters from ground level). Eventually, he does not prune only very
few trees which are dominated, without any chance of success.
Pruning greatly reduces the living foliage of the forest, allowing
more light to penetrate deeper the same. For this reason, some lower
branches begin to generate more net photo-assimilated compounds,
increasing their efficiency to induce growth in the corresponding
trees. This all helps in the recovery of forest in the post-pruning
period. It is very important that the forester knows these concepts
to improve his technical and operations planning and procedures.
The selection of trees to be pruned
Pruning is an operation necessarily linked to the thinning of the
forest, in terms of forest management. This is because the ultimate
goal is the production of higher volumes of high-quality wood in
the remaining trees of the forest, at the last and final harvesting.
However, from planting seedlings to final harvesting, there will
be products of thinning (one or two thinning operations in the case
of Eucalyptus). It is the case of the wood coming from trees
not selected to continue in the forest, and even pruned or not. Such
wood will go to less demanding wood quality products, such as pulp
and paper, charcoal, MDF, fiberboard, firewood, etc. In the case
of Eucalyptus in Brazil, the forest management including thinnings
is geared towards the final harvesting to happen in a forest having
16 to 20 years of age, with production of about 500 cubic meters
of clearwood in logs removed from the tree base (up to 6 to 9 meters
high) from 250 to 350 remaining trees. The top of these trees (tops
are not pruned) and with smaller diameters, will also provide wood
for less demanding products, such as those already mentioned. The
total result of this Eucalyptus forest management is astonishing:
the plantation forest produces between 300 and 350 m³ of wood
for different purposes (not clearwood) and 500 cubic meters of clearwood
per hectare. Altogether represents more than 800 cubic meters of
wood per hectare in 20 years, i.e. about 40 m³/ha.year.
Since at the the final harvesting we will have only 250 to 350 trees
per hectare to an original population from 1,100 to 1,600 trees,
the question that many foresters have is the following: does it worth
pruning all the trees in the first pruning, as they will lose some
yield and will be oriented to other products that do not require
clearwood or pruning? After all, why to spend resources and time
for pruning trees that will be used for pulp and paper, MDF, charcoal,
firewood, etc.? The small and medium sized farm-owner and the agroforester
usually prune all the trees. They simplify their operations and their
markets. On the other hand, the major producers of wood products
have enlarged segmentation of their wooden markets and higher volumes
to manage. For this reason, they plan to prune in other way: to prune
in several steps and to select the trees to be pruned at each time
of pruning.
The first pruning happens exactly at the time when the tree crowns
begin to touch each other and to compete for light and other resources.
At this time, the forest plants have almost no dead branches, and
there are almost exclusively living branches in the forest canopy.
This is the ideal time for the first pruning. If someone let this
moment pass, he will start finding dead branches that are more harmful
to the wood quality. On the other hand, if someone else decides to
make an early pruning, before the touch of the tree crowns, he is
to lose forest productivity. This is because all the branches are
still very effective in carrying out photosynthesis. Removing branches
with positive net photosynthesis will result in productivity losses.
In addition, an early pruning performed too early, favors the growth
in diameter of the remaining branches, since they are more open and
free to place growth on themselves.
The trees to be pruned should have living branches and with no more
than 15 mm in diameter at the limb insertion. This is all accomplished
by using good genotypes, good seedlings and appropriate forest management
and technologies. Pruning poor quality trees with low growth potential
in volume and wood quality is an error, which unfortunately is still
very usual. Pruning trees is a costly and laborious operation. It
is only justified when the growth potential of the forest is good,
with trees of good form, vigor and health. We should not forget that
all this is also greatly affected by spacing (original population
of plants per hectare) and the level of technology used in the other
silvicultural operations (fertilization, pest control, weed competition
and control, etc.).
In Brazil, it is relatively common to plant about 1,100 plants per
hectare in Eucalyptus clonal stands of appropriate technology. The
first pruning (called low pruning) usually happens when the forest
is about 1.5 to 2.5 years old, with trees with 7 to 9 meters high.
The most usual alternative is to prune a number of 50%, chosing the
best and superior trees (between 500 and 600 trees) evenly distributed
in the stand. In general, pruning is done at a fixed height, corresponding
to 50% of the total height of the tallest trees. The best plants
are pruned, not the worst.
The second pruning (medium pruning) usually occurs one year later,
when the trees are already 10 to 12 meters high. Pruning is done
in about 400 to 450 trees (those already pruned) to a height of 6
meters. Finally, the third pruning (high pruning) requires the use
of aluminum ladders and/or long rods. About 250 to 350 trees (those
already pruned) are pruned to a height of 9 meters. At this time,
the forest has trees with height between 15 to 20 meters. This allows
several options for log dimensions in the final harvesting: the usual
logs are 5.5 and 3.5 meters in length.
There are foresters who prefer to do only two steps for pruning:
•
low pruning to 5.5 meters high above ground when the trees are 10
to 12 meters in total height;
•
high pruning to 9 meters high, at 4 to 5 years of forest age (trees
with about 20 meters high).
Anyway, as a result of this forest management, each one of the remaining
trees will yield between 1.5 and 2 m³ of clearwood in the final
harvest. At this age, only a small cylinder in the center of the "pruned
logs" will be recognized as a knotty core. This core will show
the residues of the first branches of the tree along its life.
The pruning management has as one of the the missions to keep as
small as possible the diameter of this knotty core. The good forester
develops, depending on the characteristics of each of his forests,
a "guiding diameter" to become an orientation to perform
pruning. With this, he seeks to minimize the presence and distribution
of the knotty core along the tree stem. What he aims is that this
defective knotty cylinder be as smaller and more uniform as possible
along the trunk of the pruned trees.
From what has been said so far, one can conclude that pruning trees
is a silvicultural operation much more complex than many people may
think it would be. Taking into account that the operator needs periods
of time for displacements and to make decisions, it takes on average
1 to 2 minutes per tree for the low pruning; 2 to 3 minutes for medium
pruning; and up to 5 minutes for the high pruning. Thanks to forest
planning and management, the number of trees to be pruned goes down
as the heigh of pruning goes up, from low to high pruning steps.
Moreover, in some specific situations, the operator needs to use
some techniques to help wound healing, in case of more serious wounds.
It may become worth to add some wax ointment to help cicatrization
and/or anti-pathogenic pastes to control pest organims, but this
is not so common. Wound healing should occur between 3 to 5 months
after pruning. If it takes more time than this, there is an acceleration
in the loss of wood quality. The timing and effectiveness of healing
depend on: diameter of the pruned branch, size of the wound, stem
position, age and physiological stage of tree, vigor and health,
utilized tools, care and skills of the operator, etc. When pruning
a thin living branch, the wound heals quickly and it is soon surrounded
by healthy wood and bark. It will show a small defect in the beginning,
but it will soon be covered by healthy tissues to become not noticed.
Recommended season to prune the Eucalyptus trees
There is a consensus that the best moment to prune branches in the
Eucalyptus planted forests is at the end of the Winter or early Spring.
It is important to escape from the frost period and the beginning
of the proliferation activities of insects, fungi and other pests.
Some farmers prefer to prune the plants in Winter, a time of low
agricultural activity and with better offer of skilled labor. In
this case, the risk of burning the remaining leaves by a frost is
much higher. Moreover, as the plant has lower physiological activity,
wound healing takes more time during the cold weather.
Pruning in Summer is not very advisable because the bark is loosen
and is more easily torn away from the trunk. This can result in large
wounds, which are more very difficult to heal.
On the other hand, there are some authors who argue that the Eucalyptus forests are absolutely able to accept these difficulties and they
suggest that pruning can be performed at any time of year: something
to be listened to with caution. These authors also emphasize that
the operators must be highly qualified, should not cause damage to
the "cicatrization collar" or "healing necklace" and
nor to the surrounding bark. Also, they should avoid leaving stubs
or twigs after cutting the branches due to inadequate cutting.
Some suggested questions to the Eucalyptus forest planters
After the previous brief considerations about the fundamental concepts
for the pruning of Eucalyptus trees, I'm bringing to forest planters
a list of technical issues that I recommend them to reflect about
and to seek for answers to the posed questions before venturing to
do the pruning in a merely mechanical and inconsequent way:
•
is there commercial market for clearwood in the region? Does prices
worth?
•
which is the estimated benefit/cost ratio?
•
what quality of genetic material and level of forestry technology
have been used in the forest you want to prune?
•
what type of forest management will be adopted to the stand to be
pruned?
•
how many pruning steps will be performed?
•
what are the definitions to: tree pruning height, forest age and
number of trees to be pruned?
•
which are the tools to be used?
•
do you have suitably qualified workers to do the pruning operation?
•
is there a plan for monitoring the healing and forest yields after
pruning?
•
is there a definition to the guiding diameter to be set for previously
managing the knotty core?
•
what are the criteria for selection of trees to be pruned and to
those that will remain after each pruning step?
•
which are the most important decisions to be taken and by whom?
Final remarks
Pruning trees demands for knowledge, technical skills and markets
for the produced clearwood. It also requires excellent forest technology
to avoid spending resources on pruning low quality forests with low
potential for timber production. Definitely, pruning trees improves
the quality of the new formed wood for uses that pay higher values
for knot-free wood. Some people mistakenly refer that clearwood is
oriented to noble uses. However, the other wooden products also exhibit
nobility, according to our point-of-view, such as pulp for paper,
charcoal, etc. Some other people define clearwood demanding products
as higher added value products. In these cases, clearwood is required
as raw material and users are willing to pay even higher prices for
this specific quality. However, it must become clear that only pruning
does not guarantee all the demanded quality level. There is also
the need for genetic quality in the trees to produce timber volume
and quality, mainly to compensate for the costly operation of pruning.
Also, the other silvicultural operations and harvesting should be
state-of-the-art to avoid wasting and losses on yields; to get efficiency,
etc. Someone should not destroy value with inappropriate operations
when the final objective is exactly to add value through pruning.
A proper forest management, involving pruning and thinning, and making
use of modern technologies and high-quality genetic materials, will
add quality, productivity and profitability to the Eucalyptus planted
forests. It also allows easier operations, alternatives for multiple
forest uses, and improvements in environmental quality through the
enlarged biodiversity in the understories formed because more open
spacing will be provided after pruning and thinning.
Advantages and disadvantages exist in any kind of business or business
activities. It will be an obligation to the planted forest producers
to know very well what they have to do and which are the future prospects
for such pruning actions taken today. I do not recommend that forest
planters go to play risky adventures on unknown roads just because "they
have heard that the financial return is certain and guaranteed and
they surely are to make fortunes when pruning their trees".
I also recommend a careful reading of the text I have written to
you and also a carefull browsing to the selection of literature references
offered just ahead.
Good luck, good reading and a lot of successes with wise decisions
on managing Eucalyptus forests: that is exactly what I wish to all
those who believe that the Eucalyptus trees can supply better wood
and provide better values to our Society.
Literature references and suggestions for additional reading
Produccion
de madera de calidad de eucalipto. La poda - conocimientos fundamentales
y tecnica. L. Nutto; M.C.T. Vasquez; J.L. Delgado. CIS-Madera Journal.
11 pp. Accessed on 04.02.2010
http://www.cismadera.com/castelan/downloads/cismadera11poda.pdf (In
Spanish)
Madeira para serraria. Triqueda Farm. Accessed on 04.02.2010
http://www.fazendatriqueda.com.br/produtos/madeira-para-serraria (In
Portuguese)
Manejo de reflorestamento. Brasil. Forestry
Guide. Accessed on 04.02.2010
http://www.guiaflorestal.com.br/?pg=lerartigo&id=83 (In
Portuguese)
Efecto de poda y raleo en el area foliar
de Eucalyptus nitens. F. Munoz; M. Espinosa;
J. Cancino; R. Rubilar; M. Herrera. Bosque 29(1): 45-51.
(2008)
http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/bosque/v29n1/art05.pdf (In
Spanish, with summary in English)
Poda y raleo de plantaciones de Eucalyptus nitens. J.C.
Valencia. INFOR Chile Technical Guide. 16 pp. (2008)
http://www.infor.gob.cl/en/centro-de-
documentacion.html?c=cedoc&task=venta (In Spanish)
Qualidade da madeira em clone de Eucalyptus grandis submetido
a desrama artificial. H.Q. Polli. Revista Arvore 30(4): 557-566.
(2006)
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v30n4/31676.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Manejo de Eucalyptus para uso multiplo.
A experiencia da Klabin. R.L. Sella. IPEF Symposium "Managing
Eucalyptus for Multiple Purposes". PowerPoint presentation:
33 slides. (2006)
http://www.tume.esalq.usp.br/simp/arquivos/sella.pdf (In
Portuguese)
Manejo florestal. Klabin Florestal. L.G.
Bernett. IPEF Integration Seminar. PowerPoint presentation:
10 slides. (2006)
http://www.ipef.br/eventos/2006/integracao/Palestra13.pdf (In
Portuguese)
Caracteristicas del crecimiento en diametro,
altura y volumen de una plantacion de Eucalyptus
nitens sometida a tratamientos silvicolas de
poda y raleo. F. Munoz; M. Espinosa; M.A. Herrera;
J. Cancino. Bosque 26(1): 93-99. (2005)
http://www.nitens.cl/Munoz%20et%20al.%202005.pdf (In
Spanish, with summary in English)
Crescimento de plantas de clones de Eucalyptus
grandis submetidas a diferentes tratamentos de desrama
artificial, na regiao do cerrado. (Growth
of pruned Eucalyptus grandis clones in the savannah
region, Brazil). K. Pulrolnik; G.G. Reis; M.G.F. Reis;
M.A. Monte; I.C.I. Fontan. Revista Arvore 29(4): 495-505.
(2005)
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v29n4/a01v29n4.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/pdf/488/48829401.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Poda forestal. V.D. Kurtz; M.R. Ferruchi.
Technical Handbook # 02. INTA Monte Carlo. 16 pp. (2004)
http://www.inta.gov.ar/montecarlo/INFO/documentos/
forestales/Manual_de_Poda_Forestal.pdf (In Spanish)
Pruning eucalypts. The biology and silviculture of clear wood production
in planted eucalypts. K. Montagu; D. Kearney; G. Smith. RIRDC/Land & Water
Australia/FWPRDC Report. 42 pp. (2003)
https://rirdc.infoservices.com.au/downloads/02-152.pdf (In
English)
Poda de Eucalyptus grandis.
J.L. Aparicio. INTA E.E.A. Bella Vista. Technical Sheet
Number 22. 06 pp. (2003)
http://www.inta.gov.ar/bellavista/info/documentos/forestales/
22%20%20Poda%20de%20Eucalyptus%20Grandis.pdf (In Spanish)
Efeito da desrama artificial na qualidade da madeira de clones de eucalipto
em sistema agrosilvipastoril. R.S. Vale; R.L.G. Macedo; N. Venturin;
F.A. Mori; A.R. Morais. Revista Arvore 26(3): 285-297. (2002)
http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/pdf/488/48826304.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Crescimento, dinamica de copa e qualidade
da madeira para serraria de clone de Eucalyptus grandis submetido
a desrama artificial. (Growth, crown dynamic and sawtimber
wood quality for Eucalyptus grandis clone submitted
to artificial pruning). K. Pulrolnik. Master Dissertation.
UFV. 121 pp. (2002)
http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=919 (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
The principles and practice of pruning. R. Reid.
AFG Special Liftout nº 60. 12 pp. (2002)
http://www.mtg.unimelb.edu.au/publications/AFGLiftout%20no%202.pdf (In
English)
Efeito da intensidade da desrama sobre o crescimento
e a producao de Eucalyptus saligna. C.A.G.
Finger; P.R. Schneider; J.L. Bazzo; J.E.M. Klein. Cerne
7(2): 53-64. (2001)
http://www.dcf.ufla.br/cerne/Revistav7n2-2001/06%20artigo%20016.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
La poda como parte de la estrategia para la obtencion
de madera de calidad. V.D. Kurtz; R. Ferruchi.
INTA. XV Jornadas Forestales de Entre Rios. 23 pp. (2000)
http://www.inta.gov.ar/montecarlo/INFO/documentos/forestales/Lapoda.pdf (In
Spanish)
Modeling the effect of physiological responses
to green pruning on net biomass production of Eucalyptus
nitens. E.A. Pinkard; M. Battaglia; C.L.
Beadle; P. Sands. Tree Physiology 19: 1-12. (1999)
http://www.nitens.cl/Pinkard%20et%20al.%201999.pdf (In
English)
Effects of green pruning on growth and stem shape of Eucalyptus nitens. E.A.
Pinkard; C.L. Beadle. New Forests 15: 107–126. (1998)
http://www.nitens.cl/Pinkard%20and%20Beadle.%201998a.pdf (In
English)
Proceedings of the 1st Course "Training about Pruning
Trees in Commercial and Urban Forestry". IPEF/FUPEF.
Several Speeches. (1996)
http://www.ipef.br/publicacoes/curso_arborizacao_urbana/ (In
Portuguese)
Manual de poda de especies arboreas
florestais. R.A. Seitz. Speech "Urban Forestry
and Arboriculture". FUPEF/IPEF. 56 pp. (1995)
http://www.ipef.br/publicacoes/curso_arborizacao_urbana/cap08.pdf (In
Portuguese)
Manejo de florestas para serraria nas empresas
nacionais: algumas experiencias de manejo de eucalipto
para serraria. C.R. Obino; L.F. Menezes. International
Seminar "Utilizacao da Madeira de Eucalipto para Serraria".
07 pp. (1995)
http://www.ipef.br/publicacoes/seminario_serraria/cap14.pdf (In
Portuguese, with summary in English)
Changes in crown productivity and stem growth of Eucalyptus
nitens in response to green pruning. L. Pinkard;
C. Beadle; N. Davidson; M. Battaglia. IUFRO Conference
on "Eucalyptus plantations: improving fibre
yield and quality". 02 pp. (1995)
http://www.nitens.cl/Pinkard%20et%20al.pdf (In
English)
Practicas silviculturales de poda y raleo en Eucalyptus
grandis. M. Sanchez Acosta. II Jornadas de
Entre Rios. 19 pp. (1987)
http://www.sagpya.mecon.gov.ar/new/0-0/forestacion/
biblos/pdf/1987/11-1987-06.pdf (In Spanish)
Implicacoes tecnicas e economicas na utilizacao
da desrama artificial. S.M. Ferreira. IPEF Technical Bulletin # 46.
12 pp. (1979)
http://www.ipef.br/publicacoes/ctecnica/nr046.pdf (In
Portuguese)
Eucalyptus
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